What Is an Identification Card and Why You Might Need One

An identification card, commonly called an ID card, is an official document issued by a state or the federal government that shows who you are. It contains your photograph, name, date of birth, and signature. Unlike a driver's license, an ID card does not give you permission to drive. Many people use ID cards for purposes like voting, boarding airplanes, opening bank accounts, or entering age-restricted venues.

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According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, as of 2023, approximately 245 million Americans hold some form of state-issued identification. ID cards serve as proof of identity in countless situations. For example, if you need to pick up a prescription at a pharmacy, the pharmacist may ask for an ID. Banks require ID when you open an account. Some employers need ID for background checks. Schools might request ID during registration.

The federal government recognizes certain state ID cards as REAL ID compliant. This means they meet specific security standards. A REAL ID-compliant card allows you to board domestic flights without a passport. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has required REAL ID for these flights since May 2025, according to their official timeline.

You may also need an ID card if you are not interested in getting a driver's license but still need to prove your identity. Some people choose ID cards because they do not drive, or they prefer having a non-driving identification document. Others obtain ID cards because they are easier and faster to get than a driver's license.

Practical Takeaway: Determine what you will use the ID card for—voting, travel, banking, or general identification. This will help you understand which type of ID card you need and what features matter most for your situation.

Types of Identification Cards Available

Several types of identification cards exist, and the right one depends on your needs. The most common is a state-issued ID card, also called a non-driver ID. This card is issued by your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or similar agency. It proves your identity and residence but does not permit you to drive. Most states offer this card to residents aged 18 and older, though some states issue ID cards to younger people as well.

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A REAL ID-compliant ID card is a state ID card that meets federal security standards. According to the Department of Homeland Security, a REAL ID card includes security features such as a machine-readable zone and specific data format requirements. If you plan to fly domestically, a REAL ID card is one way to meet the federal requirement without using a passport.

A Real ID driver's license also meets these federal standards. However, if you do not drive, the ID card version accomplishes the same goal. As of 2024, 50 states and territories issue REAL ID-compliant identification, according to the TSA website.

Some states offer Enhanced ID cards that include additional security features and may be used for certain border crossings with Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. These cards typically cost more than standard ID cards but provide extra functionality.

Federal ID cards exist for specific populations, such as military personnel and federal employees. If you work for the federal government, you would obtain these through your employer rather than the DMV.

Passport cards are another form of federal identification. Issued by the State Department, they fit in your wallet and can be used for land and sea travel to Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. They are not the same as a passport book but serve similar purposes for certain travel situations.

Practical Takeaway: Review your state's DMV website to see which ID card options are offered. Compare the features and costs of each type to determine which fits your needs—whether you prioritize domestic air travel, border crossing, or basic identification.

Documents You Will Need to Bring

Getting an ID card requires presenting several documents to prove your identity, date of birth, and residence. Each state has slightly different requirements, but most follow similar patterns. Understanding what to bring prevents delays and return trips to the DMV.

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First, you need a document that proves your identity and date of birth. Common options include a birth certificate, passport, or prior driver's license. If you have a birth certificate, it should be an official copy—not a photocopy or digital image printed at home. Some states specify that the birth certificate must be a certified copy issued by the vital records office in the state or country where you were born. According to the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, 48 states accept a certified birth certificate as proof of date of birth.

You must also prove your current residence. States use documents like utility bills, lease agreements, mortgage statements, or bank statements to verify your address. Typically, the document must be dated within the last 30 to 90 days, depending on your state. A utility bill in your name showing your current address works well. If you recently moved, a lease agreement with your new address is acceptable. Some people use a bank statement or credit card statement as proof of residence.

You will need your Social Security number. Bring your Social Security card or a document showing your number, such as a tax return or W-2 form. If you do not have a Social Security number, contact the Social Security Administration before visiting the DMV.

Bring documentation of your legal name if it differs from your birth certificate. If you changed your name through marriage, divorce, or a legal name change, bring the court order or marriage certificate showing the name change.

For REAL ID-compliant cards, additional documents may be required. The Department of Homeland Security specifies that proof of Social Security number and proof of residence are mandatory for REAL ID. Some states also require proof of legal presence in the United States for REAL ID cards.

Bring proof of your legal presence if you are not a U.S. citizen. This could be a passport, visa, or other immigration document. States' requirements vary; check your state DMV website for specifics.

Practical Takeaway: Visit your state's DMV website and download or view the document checklist before going in person. Gather all required documents and bring originals (not photocopies) unless the state specifically indicates that copies are acceptable. This preparation reduces the chance of being turned away.

The Step-by-Step Process of Obtaining an ID Card

The process of obtaining an ID card follows a general sequence, though details vary by state. Understanding the steps helps you know what to expect and how to prepare.

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Step one is to visit your state's DMV website. Find your local DMV office and check its hours, location, and any specific requirements for your state. Many states now offer online services where you can fill out part of the application before visiting in person. Some DMVs allow you to schedule an appointment, which can significantly reduce wait times. According to a 2023 survey by the National Association of State Motor Vehicle Agencies, 35 states offer online appointment scheduling for ID cards.

Step two involves completing the application form. Most states use Form DL-44 or a similar document. The form asks for your full legal name, date of birth, Social Security number, current address, and contact information. If you fill out the form online, you may be able to save it and bring a printed copy to your appointment. This speeds up the in-person process.

Step three is gathering your documents (as described in the previous section). Have originals and any required copies organized and ready to present.

Step four is your in-person visit to the DMV. You will present your application form, documents, and proof of residence. A DMV staff member will review everything to ensure it is complete and correct. You will answer questions to verify your information. This step typically takes 15 to 45 minutes, depending on how busy the office is.

Step five is having your photograph and signature taken. You will sit for a photo that appears on your ID card. The DMV will also capture your signature electronically. Most DMVs ask that you not smile in the photograph to maintain consistency with federal standards. Wear normal, everyday clothing—avoid large hats or sunglasses that obscure your face.

Step six involves paying the fee. Non-driver ID cards cost between $15 and $100, depending on your state and the card's validity period. Most states charge around $25 to $50 for a standard ID card valid for 4 to 8 years. REAL ID cards may cost slightly more. The DM